Mowa zależna- destination 2026

Reported Speech 

1. Ogólna zasada W mowie zależnej cofamy czas, jeżeli dana informacja, wypowiedź jest nieaktualna .

-  “I am tired.” She said she was tired.

-  “I have finished.” He said he had finished.

-  “I will go.” She said she would go. 

- “I can swim.” He said he could swim. 

- “I went there.” She said she had gone there. 

 Nie cofamy czasu, jeśli wypowiedź nadal jest aktualna: 

The teacher said (that) water boils at 100°C. 2. 

Zmiana zaimków i określeń czasu/miejsca 

 W mowie zależnej 

today - that day 

yesterday - the day before / the previous day 

tomorrow - the next / the following day

 now - then 

here - there

 this-  that 

 these - those

 next week - the following week

 last week - the previous week 

Przykład: “I’ll see you tomorrow,” she said. → She said she would see me the next day.

Twierdzenia (statements)

Zamieniamy o czas do tyłu

Present Simple na Past Simple

Present Cont - Past Cont.

Past simple - Past Perfect

Present Perfect- Past Perfect

will- would 

Past Perfect- - Past Perfect

Past cont- Past Perfect cont. 

shall - should 

can- could 

must - had to 

should - should

may- might 

might- might 

 Pytania ogólne (yes/no questions)

Pytanie w mowie zależnej ma szyk zdania  twierdzącego  (bez inwersji).

Mowa niezależna	Mowa zależna
“Do you like coffee?” he asked.	He asked if I liked coffee.
“Are they ready?” she asked.	She asked whether they were ready.
“Will it rain?” he wanted to know.	He wanted to know if it would rain.

If + podmiot ( osoba , rzecz) + czasownik o czas do tyłu

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Pytania szczegółowe (wh- questions)

Używamy: ask / wonder / want to know + wh-word (who, what, where, when, why, how...) + zdanie twierdzące.

Mowa niezależna	Mowa zależna
“Where do you live?” she asked.	She asked where I lived.
“What are you doing?” he asked.	He asked what I was doing.
“Why did you go there?” she asked.	She asked why I had gone there.

where (pytajnik)  + podmiot ( osoba , rzecz) + czasownik o czas do tyłu

 6. Rozkazy, prośby i zakazy
tell / ask / order / advise / warn + osoba + (not) to + bezokolicznik

Typ	Mowa niezależna	Mowa zależna
Rozkaz	“Sit down!” the teacher said.	The teacher told us to sit down.

Zakaz

„Don’t go there” – he said

The teacher told us not go there

 Reporting verbs + -ing form

Czasownik (Reporting Verb)	🇵🇱 Tłumaczenie	Konstrukcja po czasowniku	Przykład
admit	przyznać	+ -ing form	He admitted cheating on the test. → Przyznał się do oszukiwania na teście.
deny	zaprzeczyć	+ -ing form	She denied breaking the window.
suggest	zasugerować	+ -ing form	He suggested going to the cinema.
recommend	polecić	+ -ing form	The doctor recommended taking a rest.
consider	rozważać	+ -ing form	They considered moving abroad.
avoid	unikać	+ -ing form	She avoided talking about it.
mention	wspomnieć	+ -ing form	He mentioned seeing her at the party.
apologize for	przeprosić za	+ -ing form	He apologized for being late.

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Reporting verbs + to + infinitive

Czasownik	🇵🇱 Tłumaczenie	Konstrukcja	Przykład
agree	zgodzić się	+ to do sth	She agreed to help me.
promise	obiecać	+ to do sth	He promised to call later.
offer	zaoferować	+ to do sth	They offered to give us a lift.
refuse	odmówić	+ to do sth	He refused to pay the bill.
decide	zdecydować	+ to do sth	She decided to stay at home.
plan	planować	+ to do sth	We plan to visit Spain.
hope	mieć nadzieję	+ to do sth	I hope to pass the exam.
expect	oczekiwać	+ to do sth	He expects to get a promotion.
fail	nie zdołać	+ to do sth	She failed to notice the mistake.
pretend	udawać	+ to do sth	He pretended to be asleep.
offer	zaoferować	+ to do sth	She offered to drive us home.

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Reporting verbs + osoba + to + bezokolicznik

Czasownik	Tłumaczenie	Konstrukcja	Przykład
advise sb to do	doradzić komuś	+ osoba + to + bezokolicznik	She advised me to see a doctor.
encourage sb to do	zachęcić kogoś	+ osoba + to + bezokolicznik	He encouraged her to apply for the job.
invite sb to do	zaprosić kogoś	+ osoba + to + bezokolicznik	They invited us to join them.
remind sb to do	przypomnieć komuś	+ osoba + to + bezokolicznik	Please remind me to lock the door.
tell sb to do	powiedzieć komuś, żeby	+ osoba + to + bezokolicznik	She told me to wait outside.
warn sb to do / not to do	ostrzec kogoś	+ osoba + (not) to + bezokolicznik	He warned us not to touch the wire.
persuade sb to do	przekonać kogoś	+ osoba + to + bezokolicznik	He persuaded her to buy the car.
order sb to do	rozkazać komuś	+ osoba + to + bezokolicznik	The officer ordered the soldiers to move.
ask sb to do	poprosić kogoś	+ osoba + to + bezokolicznik	I asked him to explain it.
invite sb to do	zaprosić kogoś	+ osoba + to + bezokolicznik	She invited me to speak at the meeting.

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Reporting verbs + that-clause (że...)

Czasownik	🇵🇱 Tłumaczenie	Konstrukcja	Przykład
admit (that)	przyznać, że	+ that + zdanie	He admitted that he had lied.
agree (that)	zgodzić się, że	+ that + zdanie	She agreed that it was true.
deny (that)	zaprzeczyć, że	+ that + zdanie	He denied that he was involved.
explain (that)	wyjaśnić, że	+ that + zdanie	She explained that she was tired.
promise (that)	obiecać, że	+ that + zdanie	He promised that he would come.
say (that)	powiedzieć, że	+ that + zdanie	She said that she was ready.
tell sb (that)	powiedzieć komuś, że	+ that + zdanie	He told me that he’d finished.
warn (that)	ostrzec, że	+ that + zdanie	They warned that it might rain.

Zadania 

 Twierdzenia (statements)

 “I’m very tired,” she said.
→ ____________________________________________

“We haven’t finished our homework,” they said.
→ ____________________________________________

“I will call you tomorrow,” he said.
→ ____________________________________________

“I like Italian food,” Mary said.
→ ____________________________________________

“We can’t come tonight,” my parents said.
→ ____________________________________________

“I enjoy painting,” she said.
→ ____________________________________________

“We are planning a trip,” they said.
→ ____________________________________________

“I will meet you at 6 p.m.,” he said.
→ ____________________________________________

“I love chocolate,” John said.
→ ____________________________________________

“We can’t find our tickets,” my friends said.
→

Pytania ogólne (yes/no questions)

“Do you like coffee?” she asked me.

→ ____________________________________________

“Have you ever been to London?” he asked.
→ ____________________________________________

“Will you help me?” she asked.
→ ____________________________________________

“Is he at home?” she asked.
→ ____________________________________________

“Do you want some tea?” she asked me.
→ ____________________________________________

“Have you seen this movie?” he asked.
→ ____________________________________________

“Will you join us for dinner?” she asked.
→ ____________________________________________

“Is it raining outside?” he asked.
→ ____________________________________________

“Did they arrive on time?” the teacher asked.
→ ____________________________________________

“Did they finish the project?” the teacher asked.
→ ____________________________________________

 Pytania szczegółowe (wh-questions)

16. “Where do you live?” he asked.

→ ____________________________________________

17. “What are you doing?” she asked.
→ ____________________________________________

18. “When did you arrive?” they asked.
→ ____________________________________________

19. “Why are you crying?” he asked.
→ ____________________________________________

20. “How much does it cost?” she asked.
→ ____________________________________________

Reporting verbs – ćwiczenie (B2)

Wstaw poprawną formę czasownika w nawiasie.

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1. He admitted __________ (cheat) during the test.

2. She promised __________ (help) me with my homework.

3. They advised us __________ (leave) early.

4. I suggested __________ (go) out for dinner.

5. He told me __________ (not touch) his phone.

6. She denied __________ (steal) the money.

7. The teacher reminded us __________ (bring) our books.

8. He agreed __________ (come) to the meeting.

9. She warned him __________ (not drive) too fast.

10. They offered __________ (give) us a lift home.

11. He explained __________ (be) late because of traffic.

12. The doctor recommended __________ (take) a break.

13. She encouraged me __________ (apply) for the job.

14. He refused __________ (answer) the question.

15. She mentioned __________ (see) him at the park.

16. They decided __________ (stay) in instead of going out.

17. He persuaded me __________ (try) again.

18. She said __________ (be) tired after work.

19. He asked me __________ (help) him move the boxes.

20. She apologized for __________ (be) rude.

21. Wstaw poprawną formę czasownika w nawiasie.

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She suggested __________ (watch) a movie together.

1. He promised __________ (call) me after work.

2. They admitted __________ (make) a mistake.

3. The teacher told us __________ (be) quiet.

4. He denied __________ (know) anything about it.

5. She advised me __________ (see) a doctor.

6. They agreed __________ (meet) at the station.

7. He warned us __________ (not go) near the river.

8. She explained __________ (not have) enough time.

9. The boss reminded him __________ (send) the report.

10. I refused __________ (lend) him more money.

11. She mentioned __________ (visit) her grandparents.

12. He encouraged me __________ (take) part in the competition.

13. They decided __________ (move) to the countryside.

14. She apologized for __________ (forget) his birthday.

15. He offered __________ (carry) my bag.

16. The manager ordered them __________ (finish) the project.

17. She said __________ (feel) much better.

18. He asked me __________ (close) the window.

19. They recommended __________ (try) the new restaurant.

B1 . 

zamień o czas do tyłu według wzoru 

She likes - she liked 

She liked - she had liked 

She is - she was

she makes- she made

she made - she had made 

she has made- she had made

she isn't - 

she wasn't-

She has made-

she has had- 

she had-

she was-

she has been -

she is going-

she has-

she doesn't try-

she was trying-

She wasn't moving-

She watched-

she washed-

she didn't give up-

she will get-

she won't get-

she is going to break -

she has to -

she must-

she may want-

she gave-

she brought-

she found-

she wrote

she has written -

she should learn -