Zdania warunkowe
0. O typ warunkowy
Czynności stałe, przyzwyczajenia, prawa fizyki, przyrody
If + Present Simple, Present Simple
If I make a mess, my mum shouts at me.
I tryb warunkowy
Realne plany na przyszłość
If= Jeśli
If + Present Simple , Simple Future( will) + forma podstawowa czasownika
If the weather is nice, we will go mushrooming
If she learns , she will pass.
If she doesn’t learn, she won’t pass.
Unless - jeśli nie chyba że, unless jest przeczeniem
Unless you learn, you will not develop your skills.= If you don't learn, you will not develop....
2. 2 Tryb warunkowy
Gdybania, hipotezy , teraźniejszość
If + Past Simple, would + forma podstawowa
IF I were/ was taller, I would play basketball.
If I didn’t share the room with Tom, I wouldn’t have a mess.
If- gdyby
3. 3 tryb warunkowy
Przeszłość , gdybania odnośnie sytuacji, które miały miejsce w przeszłości
If – gdyby
If + Past Perfect (zaprzeszły – had + 3 forma lub ed ) , would + have + 3 forma lub ed)
If I hadn’t lied to her, she wouldn’t have snapped at me.
4. Zdania warunkowe mieszane
Jeżeli część zdania odnosi się do przeszłości, a część do teraźniejszości, stosujemy odpowiednią połówkę zdania albo z 2 trybu warunkowego, albo z 3 trybu.
np.
1.Gdybym był Tobą ( 2) , to wczoraj odrzuciłbym propozycję fuzji.(3)
If I were/ was you, I would have rejected the merger proposal.
2.Gdybym się wcześniej więcej uczył(3) , teraz bym miał możliwość dostać dobrą pracę.(2)
If I had learnt more earlier, now I would have a chance to get a good job.
Wyjątki
1.Forma grzecznościowa. Podwójne will.
If you will tidy, I will cook dinner.
Jeśli posprzątasz , ja ugotuję obiad.
Forma grzecznościowa. Would, could.
If you could be so kind and notify me in advance, I would truly appreciate it.
Should – przypadkiem
If you should need my assistance, do not hesitate to ask.
Should- inwersja, szyk przestawny w celu emfazy, podkreślenia znaczenia informacji.
Should you need any guidelines, do not hesitate to ask.
Inwersja szyk przestawny w celu emfazy, podkreślenia znaczenia informacji, aby nadać formalny styl.
If I were to liken those two, I would definitely opt for the bluish one.
Gdybym miał porównać........
= Were I to liken those to, I would definitely opt for the bluish one.
If you had thought it over thoroughly, you wouldn't have so many problems now.
= Had you thought it over thoroughly, you wouldn't have so many problems now.
Szczegółowa analiza: Inwersja w 2. okresie warunkowym
Zamiast:
If I were you, I would talk to her.
Were I you, I would talk to her.
Zamiast:
If he had more time, he would help us.
Had he more time, he would help us.
🔹 Inwersja w 3. okresie warunkowym
Zamiast:
If they had studied harder, they would have passed the exam.
Had they studied harder, they would have passed the exam.
Zamiast:
If we had left earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the train.
Had we left earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the train.
Zamiast:
If I had known, I would have helped you.
Had I known, I would have helped you.
But for w zdaniach warunkowych
If you hadn't recalled this product, we wouldn't have lost so much money from this year's sales. – but for - gdyby nie , ( 2, 3 tryb) + ing lub rzeczownik
But for your recalling the product, we wouldn't have lost so much money from this year's sales.
If you hadn't helped me, I would not have achieved it.
But for your help, I wouldn't have achieved it.
Zdania z if, w których nie ma warunku. !!!! Czasami if - jeśli- jest używane w zdaniach w których nie ma warunku ; Nie stosujemy wtedy powyższych schematów, ale czas gramatyczny, który wynika z danego kontekstu.
If I was bored, I used to play the piano.
Kiedy się nudziłem, gralem na pianinie.
If you have a good command of French, you have come across this word, that is for sure.
Jeśli znasz dobrze francuski, na pewno, spotkałeś się z tym słowem.
If you have been to London before, you are familiar with the expression 'allow that'.
Jesli byłeś w Londynie, znasz zwrot ' Przestań' .
Supposing- przypuśćmy = if
Supposing you won a lot of money, would you donate it to charity ?
Przypuśćmy, że wygrałbyś dużo pieniędzy, czy przeznaczyłbyś to na cele charytatywne.
Inwersja : dodatkowe przykłady
Had he contemplated the consequences, he would never have taken that job.
Were she eligible for the grant, she would apply without a moment of hesitation.
Should they encounter any difficulties, they will phone us straight away.
Had we anticipated the outcome, we would have acted in a different manner.
Were his qualifications more comprehensive, ( broad) he might have managed to sustain the position.
Should you require further assistance, you are welcome to ask.
Had they investigated the issue thoroughly, the problem could not have cropped up.
Were she more meticulous, she wouldn’t make such grave mistakes.
Should an unexpected situation arise, they will be prepared to handle it skillfully and fast.
Had he been more diligent in his studies, he could have accomplished higher results.
Ćwiczenie: zdania warunkowe mieszane
1. If I ( go) ................. to bed earlier last night, I ( not feel ) ................so deflated today.
2. If she (know) .....................how to drive, she ( be able) ............. to help us on that unchancy day. ( SCo)
3. If they (save) ...................more money last year, they ( not be ) ..............so immensly distraught about expenses now.
4. If we (speak) ................the language fluently, we (enjoy) ........... our stay in that tranquil ski resort in France much more.
5. If I (spend) ................ more time on honing my passions , I (have) ....... more streamlined skills now.
6. If he ( like) .................his job more, he (stay) ............. in the same company, but he quit it at short notice.
7. If they ( study) ................. harder, they (master) ............... this material better now.
8. If she ( be) ........... more confident and she isn't , she (apply) ............ for that prestigious position last year.
9. If you (take) ............... that illuminating course last year, you ( have)................ a better understanding of it now.
10. If I ( be) ............. a faster runner, I ( finish) ............... the race as the winner, not a runner up, I thought I was second to none.